Dr. X's Free Associations

Marijuana for Children with Autism

I'm not about to recommend it, but a mother claims that medical marijuana saved her son's life.  Video.

Mind Links

The Male-Warrior Hypothesis (a 2006 article):  researchers find evidence that intergroup rivalry increases cooperation among men, but not among women.  Of course there are individual differences.  The researchers are comparing groups.

Dave Munger writes about sugar, artificial sweeteners and obesity.

The immature brain behind the distractable toddler might actually help toddlers make sense of our chaotic world. (Wray Herbert).

Co-ed college housing associated with increased binge drinking.

How many times did he say I?  How many times did they say shall? Geoff Nunberg (Language Log) comments on the word-counting fad in the political blogosphere.

Is fear-insensitivity during toddlerhood a risk factor for future criminal behavior?

More risk factors: researchers say that depression is as deadly as smoking.

Do Collectivist Cultures Evolve as Buffers to Psychopathology?

Researchers at Northwestern University say they've found evidence that the collectivist-individualist dimensions of culture coevolve with genetic risk for anxiety and mood disorders.  Specifically, they argue that collectivist culture may evolve as an effective buffer in populations more genetically susceptible to these conditions.

Here, we demonstrate for the first time a robust association between cultural values of individualism– collectivism and allelic frequency of the serotonin transporter gene, controlling for associated economic and disease factors. Geographical regions characterized by cultural collectivism exhibit a greater prevalence of S allele carriers of the serotonin transporter gene, even when cultural regions rather than nations served as the unit of analysis. Additionally, we show that global variability in historical pathogen prevalence predicts global variability in individualism–collectivism owing to genetic selection of the S allele of the serotonin transporter gene in regions characterized by high collectivism.

Importantly, we also reveal a novel and surprising negative association between individualism–collectivism, frequency of S allele carriers of the serotonin transporter gene and global prevalence of anxiety and mood disorder. Across nations, both collectivism and allelic frequency of the S allele negatively predict global prevalence of anxiety and mood disorders. Critically, our results further indicate that greater population frequency of S allele carriers is associated with decreased prevalence of anxiety and mood disorders due to increased cultural collectivism. The current findings suggest a novel demonstration of culture–gene coevolution of human behaviour. Emphasizing social norms that increase social harmony and encourage giving social support to others, collectivism serves an ‘anti-psychopathology’ function by creating an ecological niche that lowers the prevalence of chronic life stress, protecting genetically susceptible individuals from environmental pathogens known to trigger negative emotion and psychopathology. These findings complement notions that cultural values of individualism and collectivism are adaptive and by-products of evolution, more broadly. For instance, recent evidence suggests that cultural values of collectivism also serve an ‘antipathogen defence’ whereby behavioural manifestations of collectivism, such as conformity and parochialism, function as buffers against the transmission and increased prevalence of disease-causing pathogens (e.g. malaria, typhus and tuberculosis) (Fincher et al. 2008). Our results provide novel evidence that geographical regions characterized by collectivistic cultural norms have a higher historical and contemporary prevalence of infectious diseases due, at least partially, to genetic selection of S allele carriers (Fincher et al. 2008). Taken together, these findings dovetail nicely as two examples of how cultural values serve adaptive functions by tuning societal behaviour so that social and environmental risk factors are reduced and physical and mental health of group members is maintained.

Full text is free online

Phrases I Will Never Use in a Post, Except this Once

Previously, I banned these instantly exhausted cliches.

Ron Rosenbaum gets the credit for today's additions:

Drank the Kool-Aid.

Threw (X) under the bus.

Words and Phrases I Will Never Use In A Post, Except This Once

There have been quite a few, but recently vanishingly small (chances) and full-throated (endorsements/defenses) have gotten under my skin.  They were nice, the first time I read them, but this morning alone, I read three different posts and one newspaper article that referred to a full-throated endorsement.  And the chances that we've heard the last of vanishingly small are vanishingly small.